天体,地球,生物的一种自相似律——对数螺线   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

彭玉鲸 《吉林地质》1999,18(3):1-10

自相似是指自然和社会现象中,部分与整体之间,广泛存在着的放大对称（ｄｉｌａｔａ－ｔｉｏｎ ｓｙｍｍｅｔｒｙ）它们不仅在形态上,时空关系上,而且在信息,功能和能量等各个方面都表出的自相似特征,天体中,从众多的硕大的旋状星云,到坠落于地球上的微波的陨砂,陨尘,普遍存在着螺旋状的结构形态。地球上从变形矿物的包体至巨型的旋涡状构造,从岩石圈表层,直至外地核的深处,也都能发现螺旋形结构的存在,生物世界人植物  相似文献   

地下水对土坡稳定性的影响分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

林峰  徐蓉  陈宁 《地质灾害与环境保护》1999,10(4):41-45,66

总结地下水对土坡稳定性的多方面影响,认为土水间的相互作用影响土颗粒的性质,有效应力原理运用的关键,在于正确获得孔隙水压力;孔隙不压力并非不变的,给出土坡稳定性分析中对孔隙水压力和动水压力的近似计算方法。这些对提高土坡稳定性评价结果的可靠性至关重要  相似文献   

反应速率表达式与质量作用定律数学表达式的讨论     

孟燕  李雅丽 《地球科学与环境学报》1999,(Z1)

反应速率表达式与质量作用定律数学表达式都表示反应速率与反应物之间的定量关系。反应速率表达式适用于任何反应,质量作用定律仅适用于基元反应：ａＡ＋ ｂＢ ＝ ｄＤ＋ ｈＨ 只要温度Ｔ 确定,速率常数ｋ 就是一个确定的数值,ｋ 值是不会因表示反应速率的物质不同而改变其数值。对于同一化学反应,不管选用哪一反应物质浓度变化来表示,其反应速率γ都应该是同一数值。那么,如何正确选用不同物质的浓度变化来表示同一反应的反应速率呢？我们认为对于上述的一般反应：γ＝ － １ａｄｃＡｄｔ ＝ － １ｂｄＣＢｄｔ ＝ － １ｄｄＣＤｄｔ ＝ １ｈＣＨｄｔ ＝ ｋＣαＡ·ＣβΒ（α、β由实验测定）  相似文献   

Alkyl nitrates and bifunctional nitrates of atmospheric interest: Henry's law constants and their temperature dependencies     

Jost Kames  Ulrich Schurath 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1992,15(1):79-95

Henry's law coefficients of 15 alkyl nitrates, keto-, hydroxy-, and dinitrates of atmospheric interest have been measured, mostly over the temperature range 1–25°C. The compounds are stable in aqueous solution. Where literature data were available, Henry's law coefficients are in very good agreement. It is concluded that dissolution in cloud and rain water is not an important loss process for alkyl mononitrates in the atmosphere. The residence times of the more soluble bifunctional organic nitrates, however, are significantly affected or even controlled by washout and rainout. Gas chromatographic analysis of bifunctional nitrates in preconcentrated atmospheric samples may be adversely affected by the adsorptive properties of these compounds.  相似文献   

The challenge of environmental law as a tool for balancing environmental and economic interests, in the search for sustainable development     

Cindy L. Halbert  Wilfried Erbguth   《Limnologica》1999,29(3):362

Sustainable development necessitates balancing the interests and concerns of both the environment and the economy. The importance of environmental law as a tool to balance these potentially conflicting interests is increasing. Germany, in particular since reunification, provides a good case study of the challenges inherent in a highly industrialized nation towards achieving sustainable development. Since reunification, the concept of sustainable development, in terms of the protection of the essential basis for the existence of future generations, has been incorporated into the constitution in 1994. Explicit means for how to harmonize the needs of both the economy and the environment, however, remain unclear. This is particularly evident in the implementation of so-called “acceleration” laws, designed to shorten the processing time in the re-development of former east Germany, particularly in the areas of transportation infrastructure, wastewater disposal facilities, and housing construction. The implementation of these acceleration laws is generally at the expense of environmental concerns and public involvement in the decision making process. The effectiveness of environmental law as a tool to balance the needs of the environment and the economy, as is required for sustainable development, remains an unmet challenge.  相似文献   

用高温高压岩石蠕变实验解释岩石圈流变时存在的若干问题的讨论   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

周永胜  何昌荣 《国际地震动态》1999,(12):1-4

由于实验条件和实际地质条件的差别,在实验温压条件下得出的变形机制。流动律和微观组构不等同于岩石圈相同温压条件下的变形机制、流动律和微观组构。因此,用高温高压蠕变实验结果直接外推解释岩石圈流变时存在若干问题。只有把实验条件、变形机制、微观组构作为一个有机的整体。去理解和认识岩石圈流变特性,才不至于产生太大的偏差。  相似文献   

The variogram method for a fractal model of a rock joint surface   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. Murato  T. Saito 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1999,17(3-4):197-210

The variogram method can be used to make a fractal model of a rock joint surface. However, it has been found that the range of lag satisfying the power law is very small, that is, less than about 10% of the profile length. The cause of this has been investigated mathematically. The main cause of this problem is due to the fact that the profile length is assumed infinite for the theory, but it is finite for the actual calculation. This discrepancy between the actual calculation and the theory yields a significant error and causes the problem when the lag is large. To confirm the validity of this conclusion, it has been demonstrated that the range of lag satisfying the power law increases with an increase in the profile length by applying the variogram method to profiles cut from a long profile. In addition, the range of lag was investigated mathematically and it has been clarified that the range of lag increases with an increase in the fractal dimension. These results suggest that the profile length, the sampling interval and the removal of the linear trend are items to which we must pay attention when we use the variogram method.  相似文献   

地理信息产业法规体系的总体框架和立法要点     

曹玉凤 《地理信息世界》2000,(1)

尽管法学理论界仍存在着是否把信息法作为一门部门法的争论,但是信息社会需要法,信息产业需要法,地理信息产业的发展计划,实施情况,市场动态世界范围的合作和交流更需要法,这是不容置疑的。  相似文献   

Inversion of two-dimensional numerical convection experiments for a fluid with a strongly temperature-dependent viscosity     

Frédéric Deschamps  Christophe Sotin 《Geophysical Journal International》2000,143(1):204-218

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Characterization of Organic Acids in Dew Collected on Surrogate Surfaces     

Puja Khare  S. P. Singh  K. Maharaj Kumari  Ashok Kumar  S. S. Srivastava 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2000,37(3):231-244

Levels of formate and acetate in dew were measured at Dayalbagh, India, usingsurrogate surfaces. The dew formed per night ranged between 0.06 lm^–2 and 1.38 l m^–2, with an average of 0.59l m^–2. pH ranged between 6.7 and 7.4. Mean concentrations offormate and acetate in dew were 10.2 ± 10.2 eql^–1 and 7.5 ± 4.5 eq l^–1,respectively. The correlation coefficient between the two ions was 0.80 (p =0.001), which suggested that concentrations of these species in dew are linkedtogether. They have either common or different sources with fairly constantstrengths or products of same reaction. Good correlation of formate andacetate with Ca (r = 0.82 and r = 0.70, respectively) and Mg (r = 0.74 and r= 0.71, respectively) suggested that these ions may be associated with Ca andMg after the neutralization process. Deposition rates for formate and acetatein dew per night were 10.2 ± 7.22 mol m^–2 pernight and 4.6 ± 2.2 mol m^–2 per night,respectively. The theoretical Henry's law constant (K^* _H)and the field-observed Henry's law coefficient (K^* _H) ascalculated from concurrent measurements of gas phase and dew for both acidsshowed large discrepancies of three orders of magnitude.  相似文献